Songbirds Head for Thick Growth

Conservationists working to reverse population declines of forest-interior birds try to preserve the older woodlands where such birds breed. Research by Scott Stoleson, a U.S. Forest Service biologist, suggests that areas of young forest may be just as important.









image of black-throated blue warbler
Tom Berriman
Birds that breed in older woods, like the black-throated blue warbler, often take their newly fledged young to thick young forest and shrubland, where both adults and youngsters feed on super-abundant fruits and insects and build up body fat.

Studying 4,000 Birds

In the Allegheny National Forest in western Pennsylvania, Stoleson used mist nets to capture almost 4,000 songbirds in different-aged forest stands, after the birds had bred and fledged young. As well as identifying the birds' species and age (adult or juvenile), he checked their overall condition, including whether they were building up fat to fuel their migration south in autumn.

Stoleson caught and evaluated birds of 46 different species: 33 percent were kinds that nested in mature forest, 22 percent bred in forest-edge areas, and the remaining 45 percent bred in young forest. Among the mature-forest breeders were 15 species of vireos, tanagers, warblers, and thrushes.

Individuals of all 46 species were found in areas where timber had been harvested through clearcut logging and where young trees were growing back thickly. When Stoleson set up his nets in older forest, he caught birds of only 29 species.

"Humans have really changed the nature of mature forests in the Northeast. Natural processes that once created open spaces even within mature forests, such as fire, are largely controlled, diminishing the availability of quality habitat," says U.S. Forest Service biologist Scott Stoleson 

Abundant Food Boosts Health

Stoleson concluded that the birds' use of young forest during the post-breeding period resulted in better physiological condition. He believes that population declines in forest-interior species may stem in part from the increasing maturity and homogenization of Eastern woodlands and the dwindling of young forest habitat.

Read Stoleson's research paper, Condition Varies with Habitat Choice in Post-Breeding Birds.

Foresters for the Birds

The Audubon Society also realizes that forest diversity is important to our region's birds. They have teamed up with state agencies to develop Foresters for the Birds programs, which promote the careful use of timber harvests to make sure Eastern birds have enough of the young forest habitat that they need.